Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Therefore, it likewise is independent of the cooling tower. System components include piping infrastructure, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, the cooling tower structure, and cooling. The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. A cooling tower is a special type of heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other. Through an evaporative process, the water temperature will be lowered while circulating through the tower. When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. What type of cooling tower you have open circulating, oncethrough, or closed loop. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and start. Our iot smart control technology will enhancement the performance on chiller and cooling tower systems which improved the energy usage of the existing air.
Pdf design and performance analysis of the cooling tower in the. Static height not considered for pump selection in closed loop. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. Design and operation 2005 2018 trane a business of ingersoll rand. Cooling tower system are well managed and maintained, with our intelligent automation system the accurate and accessible energy monitoring optimised the equipment to its optimal performance. Together with the dosing pumps and the provided accessories, they are designed to guarantee the correct and efficient treatment of water flow in a cooling tower. Cooling tower types cooling towers fall into two main categories. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers 1st edition. The three key components of a cooling system are the cooling tower, recirculating pump, and heat exchanger. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers. The purpose is to define a preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers at the suny polytechnic quad c building utica new york. The purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself.
Drift loss of the cooling tower is normally provided by the cooling tower manufacturer based on the process design. Water first passes through a heat exchanger where it absorbs heat. If it is not available it may be assumed as for natural draft cooling tower d 0. Condenser water systems design and operation cooling tower fundamentals. Cooling towers and condenser water systems design and operation. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and startup. On the other hand, cooling towers are much larger than tradional hvac systems and are used to remove heat from cooling tower water systems in petroleum refineries, plants, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical plants, and other industrial processes and facilites. This course in cooling tower selection, sizing, and system design will benefit design professionals such as engineers, architects, and designers, as well as those involved in facility management and maintenance. Accordingly, the range is determined by the heat load and water flow rate, not by the size or thermal capability the cooling tower. The cooling tower circuit differs slightly from the basic open circuit in that the discharge piping is connected directly to a distribution basin. Water piping and pumps distribution systems 2 openloop condenser in an openloop piping system, the water is in constant contact with the air and the system is therefore open to the atmosphere. Important properties of water a primary consideration for the operation of the cooling tower system is the water. Pdf 60 m3h nominal capacity cooling tower was designed, based on the required cooling water parameters.
The number 500 is a constant, therefore is independent of the cooling tower. The technical data has been taken from a mechanical draft cooling tower. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself. Dec 19, 2017 cooling tower systems work by using water to extract waste heat from a system and ejecting it into the atmosphere primarily through evaporation. Silencers can easily be adapted to induceddraft cooling towers. Properly designed silencers can reduce noise levels by about 10 to 20 dba without affecting cooling tower operation. These tall, opentopped, cylindrical structures are responsible for cooling water generated from industrial or hvac comfort cooling process. Evaporative systems is a recirculation water system that accomplishes cooling by providing intimate mixing of water and air, which results in cooling primarily by.
Cooling tower fans are normally made from aluminum, fiber. The circulating water flow is determined by the number of pumps running and the pressure drop in the overall circulating water system. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Best management practice and guidance manual for cooling towers. What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how does. Factors affecting cooling tower performance wet bulb temperature wbt of air entering the cooling tower determines operating temperature levels throughout the plant, process or system. The maintenance program and plan mpp is a detailed plan customized for a cooling tower system that describes operational and administrative strategies and process control measures to be taken to prevent and control the growth of legionella requirements. A typical example of an openloop system is a recirculating condenser water system with a cooling tower where the water.
It is then combined with makeup water, which replaces the evaporated water, and is sent through the system again. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a oncethrough system, making it the least expensive system to. Surface water sources include lakes, rivers, and streams, while groundwater sources consist of wells or aquifers. In every application the target portion of the nozzle should be located at the correct distance above the top of the cooling tower fill to obtain maximum. Chilled water plant design guide december 2009 energydesignresources. It is essential that the proper control sequences be applied during free cooling to ensure adequate. Evaporative cooling is the process where warm water from an industrial process is pumped up to the top of the cooling tower where the water distribution. Warm water from the heat source is pumped to the water distribution system at the top of the tower. Schematic diagram of a cooling water system calculation. Cooling tower performance in free cooling applications is dependent upon both the system and cooling tower design. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. As the water flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled through the tower by the electric motordriven fan. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling.
Abstract this paper presents detailed methodology of a induced draft cooling tower of counter flow type in which its efficiency, effectiveness, characteristics are calculated. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling. After the water has been chilled, it is distributed via pumps, pipes, and valves the distribution system to the loads, where a heat exchangerfor example, a cooling coil in an airhandlertransfers heat from the air to the chilled water, which is returned to the chiller. There are many different types of cooling towers but the cooling tower working principles stay pretty much the same. This report is available at no cost from the national renewable energy laboratory at. The pressure required to pump the water from the tower basin, through the entire system and return to the top of the tower. Amid this procedure, little volumes of water dissipate, bringing down the temperature of the water that is being flowed all through the cooling tower. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. The specific configuration of your system will depend on several things, including. Recirculating cooling water systems are found in most air. Pdf industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate.
The water is distributed over the wet deck fill by means of large orifice evapjet nozzles. Cooling towers are a perfect environment for biological activity due to the warm, moist environment. Most cooling towers work based on the principle of evaporative cooling. Simultaneously, air is drawn in through the air inlet louvers at the base of the tower and travels upward through the wet deck fill opposite the water. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization. And you may be surprised to learn that there is much more to these cooling towers than you ever knew. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers.
What is a cooling tower water treatment system and how. The pumping head determination procedure for the open tower piping loop differs from the conventional closed. Understanding the different types of cooling towers. Cooling tower technology finds its utility in largescale economical cooling solutions. The control sequences applied to the cooling system must consider management of both the air and water side of the cooling tower. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to. Here evaporation occurs, removing heat along with the evaporated water. Cooling towers overcome most of these problems and therefore are commonly used to dissipate heat from watercooled refrigera tion, airconditioning, and industrial process systems. Its also is the number one choice where work efficient longterm cooling solution is desired. Warm recirculating water is sent to the cooling tower where a portion of the water is evaporated into the air passing through the tower. Drift loss drift loss is water lost from the tower as liquid droplets entrained in the outlet air. In general, the design solution of cooling systems with wet cooling towers depends. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement.
A cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. Typical closed loop cooling tower system is shown in figure 7. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near. Super tower industries cooling tower is a distinctive variety of heatexchanger that enables water and air to interact with one another to bring down the water temperature from the higher temperature. Drift eliminator drift eliminator is a system of baffles located in the tower designed to reduce the quantity of entrained water in the outlet air. Dutchess community college cooling tower maintenance program and plan april 1, 2016 1 campus identification. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement and. This image shows a two cell system of our model t3250 1250 nominal tons based on a design of 958575 at. Upon completion of this course, you will have a better. The goal is to assure the implementation of water cooling systems which will satisfy all design and. This system sends cooling water out of the equipment and into a pond or cooling tower, which is open to the atmosphere.
Some towers are furnished with a distribution manifold with nozzles which require additional pressure. Cooling tower effluent should be discharged to surface waters only in. Tradional hvac heating and cooling systems are used in schools, large office buildings, and hospital. A cooling tower as the name suggests is a device which releases excess heat from a system into the atmosphere. Oct 26, 2016 a cooling tower water treatment system is an arrangement of technologies that remove damaging impurities from your cooling tower feed water, circulation water, andor blowdown. For the sake of this document, cooling tower systems include open recirculating circuit coolers, fluid coolers, and evaporative coolers, closed evaporative condensers. This standard applies to fire protection for field erected and factoryassembled watercooling towers of combustible construction or those in which the fill is of combustible material. There are two distinct categories of biological activity in a tower system. Cooling towers and condenser water systems design and. Cooling towers might be one of the most crucial parts of any industrial process. If the pollutant characteristics of cooling tower effluent meet the prohibited discharge standards section 2. Because these units have typically been steel framestructure with pvc fill.
A cooling tower rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through with a cooling water stream to a lower temperature. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach. Wetbulb temperature is an extremely important parameter in. Mar 11, 2018 a cooling tower as the name suggests is a device which releases excess heat from a system into the atmosphere. L mass flow of water entering the cooling tower lbmin t. Cooling towers are used to reject heat through the natural process of evaporation. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wetbulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the drybulb air. Cooling tower systems work by using water to extract waste heat from a system and ejecting it into the atmosphere primarily through evaporation. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.